数字图书馆的个性化信息服务

分析了国内外数字图书馆个性化信息服务的现状及相关技术,提出了建立个性化信息服务系统的方法及个性化信息服务中需要注意的问题.     

海上应急作战卫勤组织指挥探讨

海上应急作战卫勤保障将是多军兵种联合作战联勤保障体制下组织实施,传统的卫勤保障模式和以线性作战形成的分级救治体系已不适应。因此,本文从海上应急作战特点出发,探讨海上应急作战卫勤组织指挥体制、机构、医疗后送体系、救治任务区分等问题,研究建立适合我军联勤体制的卫勤组织指挥体制与运行机制。     

Powerlessness Regarding Health-Service Barriers: Construction of an Instrument

PURPOSE. The purpose of the study was to develop a scale to calculate college students' powerlessness regarding health service barriers (PHSB). METHODS. Scale items were generated to represent two domains of interest: powerlessness and college students' powerlessness regarding health service barriers. The final 20-item instrument was subjected to multiple measures of validity with college students and panels of nurse experts in the area of nursing diagnosis. Reliability was assessed by two samples (n = 92 and n = 33) of college-age students. A final administration was conducted with 197 college students. FINDINGS. The PHSB scale was determined to be an accurate and consistent measure. CONCLUSIONS. This instrument will provide a reliable and valid measure to conduct research.     

Sociodemographic Differences in the Prevalence of Self-Reported Headache in Icelandic School-Children

SYNOPSIS
The study considers the prevalence of headache experiences in a random national sample of 2140 Icelandic 11-12 and 15-16 year-old school-children. The study finds an overall 21.9% prevalence of "at least weekly" headache. The prevalence is significantly higher among younger children end among girls. The gender difference is found to be related to the fact that older boys have a markedly lower prevalence than younger boys. No gender difference is observed in the younger group. Social class interacts with gender, with the gender difference leveling out in the upper class. The frequency of headache experiences correlates with last months use of medication to relieve headache. The high overall prevalence of headache found in this study agrees with earlier findings, and is a matter of concern since little is being done to counter this problem of discomfort among school-children.     

五所医院特需医疗服务状况调查

通过对上海医科大学附属华山医院、协和医院、北京同仁医院、中山医科大学附属第一医院、浙江医科大学附属第二医院开展的特需医疗服务情况的调查，论述了五所医院的具体做法，在对调查结果进行分析的基础上，就特需医疗服务的管理提出了建议。     

努力推进军队卫生系统的计算机应用

系统地介绍了军队卫生系统计算机应用的概况，总结了军队卫生系统自动化建设的主要经验，并提出了加强军队卫生系统计算机应用的设想。     

天然水中三卤甲烷前体活性结构的研究

通过实验证实，可用腐植酸（ＨＡ）代表天然水中三卤甲烷（ＴＨＭｓ）的前体。单一模拟化合物（含一个活性空位碳原子的间苯二酚，三个活性空位碳原子的间苯三酚，及甲基酮类化合物的丙酮酸钠）氯化后氯信形成的规律与氯化ＨＡ的不一致。而间苯二酚与丙酮酸钠的混合物（１：４Ｗ／Ｗ）能很好地反映出ＨＡ中活性结构的特性。为今后研究ＴＨＭｓ的形成提供了一个可资定量比较的ＴＨＭｓ前体。     

DNA probe technology: implications for service planning in Britain

For certain genetic conditions DNA testing identifies carriers and determines the risk status of foetuses, thus helping parents to make more informed prenatal decisions. Data, collected from three genetic centres in England and Wales from August 1986 to July 1990, are used to describe trends in demand for DNA testing, the impact of DNA tests on carrier risk assessment, and the use of DNA tests in relation to pregnancy outcome. Altogether the data include 23,388 subjects and 681 pregnancies in 8738 families divided into five cohorts by year of entry and referral. The most frequent gene disorders referred to the genetic centres are currently being tested or will soon be tested. For these disorders the initial high level of activity has declined and may have reached steady state. Demand for DNA services is high for cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, intermediate for Huntington's disease, and low for adult polycystic kidney disease, phenylketonuria and tuberous sclerosis. Based on these findings we suggest that demand for DNA tests will be high in serious, untreatable and slow progressing conditions with early onset; intermediate for conditions affecting intellect and neurological integrity with later onset; and low for treatable, late-onset conditions, or those for which there is evidence of heterogeneity, and variable penetrance. It would be helpful to assess the extent to which this view of demand is confirmed when the new disorders being DNA tested are considered and for the pattern of activity of DNA testing for some types of cancer. Since no DNA centre could offer a fully comprehensive testing service, it is recommended that a structure is created to audit overall activity, assist in policy formulation, and influence supraregional service organisation, in order that the spread of DNA services be planned as effectively as possible. This structure would facilitate monitoring of the evolution of contract specifications agreed by commissioners and providers on a regional basis.     

Asymptomatic autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in a male adolescent

We report a 12-year-old boy presenting with smooth muscle antibody-positive auto-immune chronic active hepatitis. Suspicion of the diagnosis arose after a routine blood test which revealed abnormal liver function tests. In spite of the presence of cirrhosis and patchy necrosis on liver biopsy, our patient never showed any clinical feature of impaired liver function. This observation demonstrates that auto-immune hepatitis may exist for a long time before clinical symptoms appear and probably explains why some cases of auto-immune hepatitis finally present as fulminant liver failure.